Basal body temperature (BBT) is defined as the lowest temperature achieved by the human body during periods of inactivity, such as sleep, after sleeping at least 3 full hours.
The purpose of BBT is to determine when ovulation occurs. When an egg is released by one of the ovaries, it is usually viable for 24 hours. If fertilisation by a sperm occurs during the time that the egg is alive, conception may occur. The time period close to the time of ovulation is when you are most fertile. Therefore, tracking your BBT may help you know when the best time to have intercourse is if you are attempting to conceive.
On the other hand, if you are not trying to conceive, tracking your BBT may also help you learn when to abstain from sexual activity unless you are using a form of contraception. However, experts advise against using your BBT for either of these purposes, and do not recommend using it as a means of preventing pregnancy or as a reliable method for assisting you in becoming pregnant.
Body temperature and basal body temperature differ from each other in several ways:
Body temperature is the highest temperature at any point, while basal body temperature is your lowest body temperature when you have been completely inactive. When using a BBT method to track your fertility, take your BBT before getting out of bed; this is the only time it will remain unaffected by all activities on that day, and make sure to stay in bed for at least four hours before taking your BBT. Also, remember that basal body thermometers measure your body temperature down to two decimal places. For example, if your body temperature is 98.1°F, the BBT thermometer will display it as 98.15°F, which is more precise than a non-BBT thermometer, which only shows 98.1°F.
After conception, basal body temperature shows the following pattern:
Progesterone continues to be secreted following conception to maintain the lining of the uterus; BBT will remain elevated.
BBT will remain elevated for a longer period than the typical luteal phase of 12 to 14 days. Sustaining a longer duration of elevated BBT is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy observed on charts.
Several fertility experts have articulated what is known as the 18-Day Rule. If your BBT remains elevated for 18 consecutive days after ovulation, your chances of being pregnant are extremely high. While this rule is not a diagnostic tool, it has proven to be a reliable predictor of pregnancies in women who track their cycles.
Some women may experience a small secondary increase in BBT around the time of implantation (approximately 6 to 10 days post-ovulation). This phenomenon can often be referred to as a triphasic BBT pattern; however, not all pregnancies exhibit this pattern.
Several conditions will affect a person’s temperature when they’re tracking BBT, including:
Since there are so many factors affecting BBT, from poor sleep to travel, irregular periods, and high-stress situations, it is not a reliable option for tracking ovulation and contraception.
Elevation of BBT will exist in the first trimester. At approximately 10–12 weeks, women begin producing their own Progesterone through the Placenta. Some women see their BBT return slowly to pre-ovulation levels over time. Some women may see an elevation throughout the entire pregnancy period. Occasional variation in BBT is expected and not of medical concern.
A dramatic drop in basal body temperature after implantation may sometimes be associated with hormonal fluctuations after both the third and fourth weeks. A drop in BBT alone will not be diagnostic of a miscarriage. The majority of women stop tracking their BBT before drops occur. Many factors, such as sleep, health issues, or measuring errors, may cause a drop in temperature. If you have concerns about your BBT or temperature during your pregnancy, please consult your doctor for an evaluation.
You should make an appointment to see a medical professional if:
You can take your basal body temperature charts for your doctor to review, but they are not diagnostic; rather, they provide information to support the diagnosis.
In conclusion, by tracking BBT, you will know when you ovulate and the most fertile days of your cycle. After ovulation, there is a very small (0.4-1 degree) increase in your temperature that lasts through until just before your period starts. If you have conceived, your BBT will stay elevated. Therefore, BBT may provide an early indication of whether or not you are pregnant. But many things can alter your BBT readings, such as lack of sleep, so BBT is not to be used as a method of contraception.
Chief Infertility Specialist, MBBS(DU), FCPS(Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Fellowship in Assisted reproduction
Dr. Umme Ruman is a BMDC-registered infertility specialist based in Dhaka. She holds advanced qualifications in assisted reproductive techniques, sexual and reproductive medicine. Dr. Ruman serves as a Chief Consultant at Indira IVF Dhaka, helping patients with personalised fertility care based on her vast experience and expertise. Her knowledge and compassion will support couples navigating reproductive health challenges and guide them effectively towards their parenthood dreams.
IVF specialist, MBBS (SSMC), MS (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Fellowship in Assisted reproduction
Dr. Rezwana Kabir is a BMDC-registered specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology, and now a part of Indira IVF’s team of fertility specialists in Bangladesh. She combines medical proficiency with a patient-centric approach, offering tailored solutions to couples seeking fertility assistance. She is committed to helping individuals confidently navigate the journey to parenthood through ethical, empathetic, and evidence-based care.
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